1. Kung-sun Ch＇au, one of Mencius＇s disciples,belonged to Ch＇?, and was probably a cadet of the ducal family. The sons of the princes were generally公子; their sons again, 公孙, ＇ducal grandsons＇, and those two characters became the surname of their descendants, who mingled with the undistinguished clauses of the people. 当路, literally, ＇in a way＇. Chao Ch＇? says—当仕路, ＇in an official way＇, and Ch?Hs?, 居要地, ＇to occupy an important position＇. The gloss in the 备旨 says:—＇当路 is 操政柄, to grasp the handle of government.＇ The analogous phrase—当道 is used now to describe an officer＇s appointment. 管仲,—see Confucian Analects, III. xxii; XIV. x, xvii, xviii. 晏子,—see Analects, V. xvi; Mencius, I. Pt. II. iv.